Bereansearching Bible Studies

Introduction

For the curious reader, it should be understood that this study is one of six individually posted “Character Profiles”, which in addition to this one include 1) King Ahasuerus, 2) Vashti, 3) Mordecai, 4) Queen Esther, and 5) Haman. These profiles are all excerpted from an in-depth, expositional commentary on The Book of Esther which shows, by many examples, how the Book of Esther was crafted by God, through the orchestration of time and space with the Holy Spirit inspired recording of it, to perfectly form an Historical Parable. More clearly stated, the Book of Esther has both an earthly/historical meaning and a heavenly/eternal spiritual meaning, which involves significant use of “allegories” and “types“. This study is one of many posted on this website to show that there are many such Hidden Treasures embedded within the various historical accounts that are recorded in the Bible. The Bible is a Spiritual Book, and the understanding of many of the key aspects of the Bible requires spiritual discernment. It should also be remembered that Jesus only spoke in parables to the multitude for the reasons explained here: “Why Did Jesus Speak in Parables?“.

Hegai (Hege), The King’s Chamberlain, Prepares Esther to Come into the King’s Presence

1. Hegai (Hege) 

In Esther chapter 2 we read of the King’s chamberlains, the keeper of the women. The first was Hegai (who was in all likelihood a eunuch, see below).  We are told that Esther obtained kindness of him, and later received a total of twelve months of purification, six months with the oil of myrrh and six months with sweet odors.  It would not be inconsistent to conclude that in this prophetic parable, Hegai is a type of the Holy Spirit that anoints and purifies (sanctifies) and spiritually separates out the believers from the unclean (like the water of “separation” in Numbers 19:20), and Who makes it possible for the believers to come into the presence of The Everlasting Almighty King, God Himself!

Please note how in Esther 2:15 we are told, “Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king’s chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her.”  Again we can see the connection with the Personage of The Holy Spirit, because the believers who have been sanctified by the anointing and indwelling of the Holy Spirit require “nothing but” that which The Holy Spirit provides in order to come into the presence of the Everlasting King…The Lord God Almighty!

Note how in 1 John 2:20, we read “¶But ye have an unction (χρῖσμα (chrisma))^G5545 from the Holy One, and ye know all things.” (“unction” means “anointing”) and in 1 John 2:27, “But the anointing (χρῖσμα (chrisma))^G5545which ye have received of him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing (χρῖσμα (chrisma))^G5545 teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in him.“ The anointing is of the Holy Spirit (The Holy Spirit Is also a “Him”), Who God the Father sent to the believers to lead them into all truth, and that Truth Is Jesus.

Note also what Jesus said in John 16:13, “Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, [that]shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come.” Note the consistency with John 14:26, “But the Comforter (παράκλητος (paraklētos))^G3875, [which is] the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.” 

And is it not interesting that the original Greek word for Comforter is παράκλητος (paraklētos)^G3875 as we also find in John 14:16, “And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, ^G3875 that he may abide with you for ever;” and then later in 1 John 2:1, “My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate ^G3875 with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous: And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for [the sins of] the whole world.” [Note that that the word translated as “advocate” (hence an “intercessor”, see below) is the same as that which is elsewhere translated as “Comforter”]

It is also interesting that the name Hegai (also spelled once as “Hege” in the Esther account in Esther 2:3) is thought to mean in the Persian, fittingly, “eunuch” .  However, some translators have concluded that Hegai (Hege) can also be interpreted as “meditation; word; groaning; separation”.  If indeed this is the case, we can certainly see parallels between Hegai and the Holy Spirit given what we find in Romans 8:26-27, “Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. And he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what [is] the mind of the Spirit, because he maketh intercession for the saints according to [the will] of God.”

When we pray, we pray in The Spirit/The Holy Ghost, as we read in, “Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;” and Jude 20&21, “But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost, Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.” And we also know that The Holy Spirit witnesses to our spirit: Romans 8:16, “The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:“

2. Hatach

We are first introduced to Hatach in Esther Chapter 4.  There we see him as the vehicle of communication between Esther and Mordecai in verses 4&5 and between Mordecai and Esther in verses 9&10. It is also interesting to note that Hatach (הֲתָךְ hăṯāḵ reportedly means “Verily” (hence “Truth“) or possibly also “Gift” ), and is also a proper masculine noun. Both attributes are clearly used in the Bible as representations of the Holy Ghost/Holy Spirit. See for example: for “Truth”; John 14:17, John 15:26, John 16:13 and for “Gift”; Act 2:38, Act 10:45, Hebrews 6:4. It was through him that Esther communed with Mordecai “to know what it [was], and why it [was]” and thereby learned the details of Haman’s plot against the Jews. Hatach was serving in the role of an intercessory communicant!

If we therefore consider that, if Esther represents the eternal Church (the believers) and Mordecai is an allegorical prefigurement of the Lord Jesus Christ, then it would seem quite reasonable to view Hatach, like Hegai earlier, as another “Type” representing God, The Holy Ghost/Holy Spirit.  Most particularly so, because Jesus said, in John 16:13, “Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come.” The Holy Spirit communicates to us The Truth, and we know that Jesus is the Truth (John 14:6). We also know that Salvation is a Gift, for in Romans 6:23, “For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.” and Hebrews 6:4 says, “For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost,…” and in John 14:16-18, “And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; [Even] the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you. I will not leave you comfortless: I will come to you.”

Finally, in 1 John 5:6, “¶This is he that came by water and blood, [even] Jesus Christ; not by water  only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is truth.“

We can now more clearly see that both Hegai and Hatach served an important role in ensuring the deliverance of the Jews through preparation and intercession, just as the Holy Spirit Works in the preparation, sanctification, and intercession for the believers.

There is more that the Bible has to say regarding The Personage of The Holy Spirit/Holy Ghost. In addition to the above, we have this in John 3:5-8, “¶Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and [of] the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again.The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.” 

We are also instructed concerning the anointing, sealing, and being given “the earnest” of the Spirit, God’s Holy Spirit, by Whom we are sealed to the day of redemption as we read in 2 Corinthians 1:21&22, “Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath anointed us, [is] God; Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts.” and Ephesians 1:13&14, “In whom ye also [trusted], after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise, Which is the earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory.”

NOTE: Another chamberlain, Shaashgaz, שַׁעַשְׁגַּז (šaʿašgaz)^H8190, meaning “servant of the beautiful“. Shaashgaz was in charge of the concubines in the “second house“, after each had her year of purifications and after having come into the presence of the King the first time. It is not entirely clear to this teacher what specific role Shaashgaz has, but he could serve as a ministering angel from Heaven (Hebrews 1:13&14) and/or an earthly minister of the church (Matthew 19:12). We do know that Esther was described as beautiful in Esther 2:7, “And he (Mordecai) brought up Hadassah, that [is], Esther, his uncle’s daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid [was] fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter.”

Introduction

For the curious reader, it should be understood that this study is one of six “Character Profiles”, which in addition to this one include 1) King Ahasuerus, 2) Vashti 3) Mordecai, 4) Heggai/Hatach, and 5) Haman. These profiles are all excerpted from an in-depth, expositional commentary of The Book of Esther which shows, by many examples, how the Book of Esther was crafted by God, through the orchestration of time and space with the Holy Spirit inspired recording of it, to perfectly form an Historical Parable. More clearly stated, the Book of Esther has both an earthly/historical meaning and a heavenly/eternal spiritual meaning, which involves significant use of “allegories” and “types“. This study is one of many posted on this website to show that there are a lot of Hidden Treasures embedded within the various historical accounts that are recorded in the Bible. The Bible is a Spiritual Book, and the understanding of many of the key aspects of the Bible requires spiritual discernment. It should also be remembered that Jesus only spoke in parables to the multitude for the reasons explained here: “Why Did Jesus Speak in Parables?“.

Esther: What’s in a Name? (Esther is a Book of Concealment and Hidden Truth)

Esther’s Persian name is of uncertain meaning or derivation, but is generally accepted to mean “Star” (although Esther’s Hebrew name is “Hadassah“, which means “myrtle wood“, and this will be addressed later in the following discussion).

Many Bible students are aware that there is not one direct/explicit reference to God to be found anywhere in the Book of Esther. This is because God has deliberately concealed Himself within the text, and, moreover, in the process, God has also deliberately concealed the Gospel of God’s Magnificent Salvation Plan, wrought by the Person and Work of the Lord Jesus Christ, as well. In fact, the entire Book of Esther concerns “concealment” and “hidden things of God”.

We should take a moment to recall what we read in Isaiah 45:15, “Verily thou [art] a God that hidest (סָתַר (sāṯar))^H5641thyself, O God of Israel, the Saviour.“

Esther’s Name Actually Highlights ‘Concealment‘

It is not widely known that the very name ‘Esther’ underscores this point. Although ‘Esther’, the Jewish orphan made queen in Persia (as found in the Book of Esther) was born with a Hebrew name, הֲדַסָה (hăḏasâ)^H1919 that was translated in the King James translation as “Hadassah“, which means “Myrtle” (in the feminine form that is found only once in the Bible, in Esther 2:7) because it is derived from the the Hebrew word הֲדַס (hăḏas)^H1918, a masculine noun, meaning “myrtle (tree)”. 

The masculine version of myrtle (הֲדַס (hăḏas)^H1918) is found six times in the Bible, and each time the myrtle tree is always cast in a positive light. In Isaiah 55:13, the myrtle tree is juxtaposed with a brier; and in Isaiah 41:19 it is a green tree planted by God in what had been a wilderness. It can be concluded from these two verses that the myrtle tree is a representation of the believers, where in the wilderness (the world) thorns (unsaved people) flourish, God raises up myrtle trees (the believers); in Nehemiah 8:15, branches from the myrtle tree are to be used in the construction of the Succoth booths (representing a Heavenly abode), and then in Zechariah, myrtle trees are found three times Zechariah 1:8, Zechariah 1:10, Zechariah 1:11, where a horseman is seen in a vision walking among myrtle trees and Zechariah is told by the horseman, “These [are they] whom the LORD hath sent to walk to and fro through the earth. ¶And they answered the angel of the LORD that stood among the myrtle trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest.” This was during the seventy year period, which God had foretold by the prophet Jeremiah in Jeremiah 29:10&11 (see also 2 Chronicles 36:21) whereby God would cause the land to have its Sabbaths (rest) while the Jews were in captivity, but that God would later restore Jerusalem and also spoke “good words [and] comfortable words” (Zechariah 1:13).

However, the very name ‘Esther’ (the Persian name taken by Hadassah) underscores this point of ‘concealment‘. Esther in Hebrew is אֶסְתֵּר (’es·têr)^H635, which happens to be, phonetically, very similar to the Hebrew word אֶסָּתֵ֑ר (’es·sā·ṯêr)^H5641, which is a version of the Hebrew word סָתַר (sāṯar)^H5641, meaning “to hide” or “to conceal“, or “to close-up“, and that version, אֶסָּתֵ֑ר (’es·sā·ṯêr)^H5641, is found twice in this form in the Bible:

1.  Genesis 4:14 (translated in English as “shall I be hid;“ where we read of Cain crying to God, “Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid (אֶסָּתֵ֑ר (es·sā·ṯêr))^H5641; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth; and it shall come to pass, [that] every one that findeth me shall slay me.“) and 
2. Job 13:20, “Only do not two [things] unto me: then will I not hide (אֶסָּתֵ֑ר (’es·sā·ṯêr))^H5641 myself from thee.” 

Another version of the same Hebrew word is אַסְתִּיר (’as·tîr)^H5641, which is used only once in this particular form in the Bible, in Deuteronomy 31:18, where we read, “And I will surely (אַסְתִּיר (’as·tîr))^H5641 hide (אַסְתִּיר (’as·tîr))^H5641 my face in that day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.” (Note also that the word “hide” was doubled, and hence was translated as “surely hide“). In this later usage, God was specifically telling Moses in Deuteronomy 31:16-22 that, in the future, when the people of Israel would commit spiritual adultery, by worshipping other gods, that God at that point would “hide/conceal” Himself (hide His “face”) from National Israel as a result. (It is therefore all the more ironic that, derived from this forewarned concealment of God’s Face, a Jewish tradition has arisen, such that hiding one’s face (wearing a mask) is considered proper when the Jews celebrate the day of Esther/The Feast Purim.)

So then, we can see that the name Esther is actually a cross-cultural “homophone”, in that in Persian, Esther means “Star“, but in Hebrew, Esther means “Concealed“. At a minimum, one could say that, by changing her name from Hadassah (Jewish) to Esther (Persian), it would have certainly helped her to “hide” or “conceal” her Jewish identity from potential enemies like Haman. While providing an interesting play on words (“pun”), we will learn from this study that there is far more hidden in the Book of Esther (by God) than just Esther’s Jewish identity. 

And we should all remember what God tells us in Proverbs 25:2 (KJV). There we find this extraordinary verse, “[It is] the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings [is] to search out a matter.” If we look carefully at the text as it reads in the original Hebrew using an Interlinear Bible or Online cross-reference like this: https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/pro/25/2/t_conc_653002, we find that it can also read like this… ”[It is] the glory of God to conceal a “word” (because it is from the Hebrew דָּבָר (dāḇār)^H1697, a masculine noun): but the honour of kings [is] to search out a “word”(because the word that was translated into English as “matter” is also the same word found in the original Hebrew to be דָּבָר (dāḇār)^H1697, which is translated more than eight hundred times in the Old Testament as “word.”).  It appears, therefore, that God is telling us that He is glorified by the concealing of The Word (Jesus Christ) in the Bible, and the believers are “honored” by being made able to search out The Word (Who is Jesus Christ) when reading the Bible. And as we will see, God has not only “concealed” Jesus Christ within the Book of Esther, but, in our day, God has graciously also allowed the believers to “search out” Jesus Christ from the Book of Esther. There is more on this here, and we should also remember Jesus’ own testimony along The Road to Emmaus.

Esther Comes Into View

Esther 2:7, “And he brought up Hadassah, that [is], Esther, his uncle’s daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid [was] fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter.“

Esther 2:15, “Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king’s chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her.“

The latter verse is rich with spiritual meaning, portraying Esther as a “Type” of all the believers, Mordecai as a Christ-like figure, and Hegai as the Holy Spirit.

Esther as the Fatherless

Esther, an orphan (as we were told earlier Esther 2:7), represents the “fatherless” whom God defends (Psalm 68:5; Deuteronomy 10:17-19; Job 29:12). This aligns with James 1:2, where pure religion involves caring for the fatherless and widows—who spiritually represent all those who are redeemed by God.

Who Does Abihail Represent?

• Name Meaning: “Abihail” (Hebrew: אֲבִיהַיִל (‘ăḇîhayil)^H32 “father of strength, might, strength, and virtue“) might initially suggest God the Father. However, Esther’s orphan status complicates this interpretation.
• Familial Context: Abihail is Mordecai’s uncle, making Mordecai Esther’s cousin and elder kinsman.
• Allegorical Role: Abihail could represent Adam, the first “father”, who together with Eve, died (like Esther’s parents). Believers, orphaned by Adam’s Fall, are adopted by Christ, the “second Adam” (1 Corinthians 15:22). Jesus, as a kinsman-redeemer (like Mordecai to Esther), adopts the believers into His Church.

Mordecai as a Type of Christ

Mordecai takes Esther as his daughter, mirroring how Jesus adopts believers as “sons of God” (John 1:12; 1 John 3:1&2; Galatians 3:26). Believers become “heirs according to the promise” (Galatians 3:29; Titus 3:5-7; Colossians 1:12), and “God, “Who Is rich in mercy“, “Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;)” and “hath raised [us] up together, and made [us] sit together in heavenly [places] in Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 2:4-6).

Hegai as the Holy Spirit:

Esther takes only what Hegai provides, symbolizing believers relying solely on the Holy Spirit’s anointing. We can also see again the connection of Hegai (Hege) with the Holy Spirit, because the believers who have been sanctified by the anointing and indwelling of the Holy Spirit require “nothing but” that which The Holy Spirit provides in order to come into the presence of the Everlasting King…The Lord God Almighty!

Now this verse helps to make clear to us how Esther was different from the other maidens. She took nothing of her own choosing to delight the king, but rather “nothing but” that which was provided for her by Hegai. This is because, spiritually speaking, the only thing that can make a person presentable to God is to have been granted spiritual rebirth through the anointing of God The Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Christ, because of Jesus’ Atoning Sacrifice. The true believers are gifted the Robes of Christ’s Righteousness to make them presentable before Holy God in Heaven. All the uncleanness of sin will be fully covered.

Key Takeaway: 

Esther’s story, as found in this one verse, illustrates God’s Magnificent Salvation Plan: Despite having been spiritually orphaned by Adam (Abihail), the saints (Esther) are redeemed by Christ (Mordecai), and sanctified by the Spirit (Hegai) to be able to before Almighty God.

Another Look at Esther’s Name

Esther (a “Star”)

Esther’s  Persian name is of uncertain meaning or derivation.  Some commentaries claim that the name means “a star,” which, if true, would be consistent with the theme that Esther represents the believers over whom the devil wants to reign as we read in Isaiah 14:13-15, “For thou (the devil) hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit.” And note the similarity with Obadiah 1:4, “Though thou (the devil) exalt [thyself] as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, thence will I bring thee down, saith the LORD.

The Apostle Paul made this point in Hebrews 11:12 regarding Abraham, “Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, [so many] as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable.“

In Psalm 147:4, God says that , “He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by [their] names.“

Note also in Psalm 148:3, “Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light.” bearing in mind that Jesus is the Light! John 8:12 “Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.“

For more regarding the believers being referred to as stars as as a sign to represent them, we read in Genesis 1:14, “And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.” together with Daniel 12:3, “And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.”

The “physical” stars in the universe are simply “signs” pointing us to the spiritual “stars” which are the believers.

Hadassah (Myrtle Wood)

Esther’s Hebrew name “Hadassah“, means “myrtle wood.”  Because this name is of Hebrew origin it is easier to find correspondence in other parts of the Bible.  When we search the scriptures, we find the following verses in which hadassah (“myrtle”) is also used:

Nehemiah 8:15, “And that they should publish and proclaim in all their cities, and in Jerusalem, saying, Go forth unto the mount, and fetch olive branches, and pine branches, and myrtle branches, and palm branches, and branches of thick trees, to make booths, as [it is] written.“

Isaiah 41:19, “I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, [and] the pine, and the box tree together:“

A quick aside…In Isaiah 61:3, we read where God says, immediately following the most significant Messianic verses in Isaiah 61:1 & Isaiah 61:2 (The same words proclaimed by Jesus in Luke 4:18 and John 1:32, John 3:34) addressing Jesus’s salvation gospel message to the otherwise hopeless of the world (those who would become His Church) ” ...that they might be called the trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord, that he might be glorified.”

Isaiah 55:13, “Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD for a name, for an everlasting sign [that] shall not be cut off.“

Zechariah 1:8-11, “I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that [were] in the bottom; and behind him [were there] red horses, speckled, and white.  Then said I, O my lord, what [are] these? And the angel that talked with me said unto me, I will shew thee what these [be].  And the man that stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, These [are they] whom the LORD hath sent to walk to and fro through the earth.  And they answered the angel of the LORD that stood among the myrtle trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest.“

It can be concluded from the above that the myrtle tree is a representation of the believers, i.e., in the case of Isaiah 41:19, where in the wilderness (i.e., the world) thorns (unsaved people) flourish, God raises up myrtle trees (the believers).  Please notice how in Zechariah 1:11, the “angel” (actually “messenger”) of the LORD stood among the myrtle trees.  Does not God stand among the believers?  Matthew 18:20, “For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.”

The “myrtle tree” is most likely the aromatic common myrtle (M. communis) is native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. This evergreen tree is said “to grow more than 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, high. The opposite leaves are thick and lustrous, with many small, translucent, oil-bearing glands. The solitary white flowers, about 1.8 cm (about 0.7 inch) long, are borne on short stalks. The fruit is a purplish black, many-seeded berry. Myrtol, a volatile oil found in most parts of the plant, was formerly used as an antiseptic and tonic.”

We should also remember again (this was mentioned at the beginning of this commentary) that the name “Esther” is also a cross-cultural “homophone“, in that in Persian Esther means “Star“, but in Hebrew, Esther means “Concealed“. At a minimum, one could say that, by changing her name from Hadassah (Jewish) to Esther (Persian), it would have certainly helped her to “hide” or “conceal” her Jewish identity from potential enemies like Haman. While providing an interesting play on words (“pun”), we have also been shown from this study that there is far more hidden in the Book of Esther (by God) than just Esther’s Jewish identity. (For a more detailed exposition on this facet of Esther, please see: “The Hidden Spiritual Gem“)

Esther’s Attributes:

Esther was “Better” than Queen Vashti (Verse 1:19)

Esther replaced Vashti as the King’s Queen, because Queen Vashti refused to come to the feast when bidden by King Ahasuerus according to this recommendation in Esther 1:19, “If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.“

Esther was a “maid” (verse 2:7)

…2 Kings 5:2-4, “And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman’s wife.  And she said unto her mistress, Would God my lord [were] with the prophet that [is] in Samaria! for he would recover him of his leprosy.  And [one] went in, and told his lord, saying, Thus and thus said the maidthat [is] of the land of Israel.”  NOTE; God used the little “maid” to be a witness of His power in Syria.

Esther was “fair” (verse 2:7)

…Job 42:15, “And in all the land were no women found [so] fairas the daughters of Job: and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren.”  Song of Solomon2:10, “My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away.“

Song of Solomon 4:7, “Thou [art] all fair, my love; [there is] no spot in thee.“

Song of Solomon 6:10, “ Who [is] she [that] looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, [and] terrible as [an army] with banners?

Esther was “beautiful” (lit. of good appearance or good countenance) (verse 2:7)…Song of Solomon 6:4, “Thou [art] beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, terrible as [an army] with banners.” and Isaiah 52:1, “Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean.”  NOTE: God declares his bride to be the new Jerusalem in Revelation 21:2, “And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.“

We also see in Isaiah Chapter 49 regarding the ingathering of the Gentiles to God as part of that Bride. In Isaiah 49:18, “Lift up thine eyes round about, and behold: all these gather themselves together, [and] come to thee. [As] I live, saith the LORD, thou shalt surely clothe thee with them all, as with an ornament, and bind them [on thee], as a bride [doeth].”

Note also the description of the beautiful Queen in Psalm 45:9-17, and how closely the verses correlate with the depiction of Queen Esther and her coming into the presence of king Ahasuerus.

Isaiah 52:7  “How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth!“

Esther was a “virgin” (verses 2:3 with 2:8)

…Isaiah 62:5 “For [as] a young man marrieth a virgin, [so] shall thy sons marry thee: and [as] the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, [so] shall thy God rejoice over thee.”  Jeremiah 31:4, “Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry.“

1 Corinthians 7:28, “But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.”

 2 Corinthiana 11:2, “For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present [you as] a chaste virgin to Christ.“

Esther was an “orphan.” (Esther 2:7)

Lamentations 5:3, “We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers [are] as widows.“

As and orphan, Esther was also “fatherless”…Deuteronomy 10:18, “He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.“

Job 29:12, “Because I delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and [him that had] none to help him.

 Psalm 68:5, “A father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows, [is] God in his holy habitation.“

Jeremiah 49:11, “Leave thy fatherless children, I will preserve [them] alive; and let thy widows trust in me.“

James 1:27, “ Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, [and] to keep himself unspotted from the world.“

Esther was “loved.”  (Esther 2:17)

… Deuteronomy 33:2&3, “And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand [went] a fiery law for them.  Yea, he loved the people; all his saints [are] in thy hand: and they sat down at thy feet; [every one] shall receive of thy words.“

1 Kings 10:9, “Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on the throne of Israel: because the LORD loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee king, to do judgment and justice.“

John 3:16,  “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”  We know that God loves those whom He sacrificed His Son to save.

John 13:23, “Now there was leaning on Jesus’ bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.”  Jesus loved John who typified all true believers.

John 13:34, “A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.“

John 14:21, “He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself to him.”  Jesus reveals (manifests) Himself to those whom He loves.

 John 15:9, “As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in my love.“

2 Thessalonians 2:16, “Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God, even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given [us] everlasting consolation and good hope through 

grace, Comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work.

Esther found “Grace.” (Esther 2:17)

 Genesis 6:8, “But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.“

Jeremiah 31:2, “Thus saith the LORD, The people [which were] left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; [even] Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.“

Acts 4:33, “And with great power gave the apostles witness of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus: and great grace was upon them all.“

Acts 15:11, “But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.“

Acts 20:32, “And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified.“

Ephesians 2:8, “For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: [it is] the gift of God:“

Esther found “Favor.”  (Esther 2:17)

…Genesis 39:21, “But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison.“

 Psalm 5:12, “For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favour wilt thou compass him as [with] a shield.“

Psalm 30:5, “For his anger [endureth but] a moment; in his favour [is] life: weeping may endure for a night, but joy [cometh] in the morning.“

Psalm 30:7, “LORD, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, [and] I was troubled.“

Psalm 89:17, “For thou [art] the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our horn shall be exalted.“

Psalm 119:58dd, “I entreated thy favour with [my] whole heart: be merciful unto me according to thy word.“

Proverbs 3:4, “So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.“

Proverbs 8:35, “For whoso findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the LORD.“

Proverbs 12:2, “A good [man] obtaineth favour of the LORD: but a man of wicked devices will he condemn.

Isaiah 60:10, “And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee.

Luke 1:30, “And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God.“

Acts 7:10, “And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.“

Acts 7:46, “Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.“

Esther was made a “Queen.”  (Esther 2:17)

…1 Kings 10:13, “And king Solomon gave unto the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside [that] which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants.“

 2 Chronicles 9:1-3, “And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.  And Solomon told her all her questions: and there was nothing hid from Solomon which he told her not.  And when the queen of Sheba had seen the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he had built,.“

Mat 12:42, “The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon [is] here.“

Esther wore a “crown” (Esther 2:17)…Genesis 49:26, “The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren.“

Leviticus 21:12, “Neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God [is] upon him: I [am] the LORD.“

Proverbs 4:9, “She shall give to thine head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to thee.“

Isaiah 28:5, “ In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people,“

2 Timothy 4:8, “Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing.“

Revelation 2:10, “Fear none of those things which thou shalt suffer: behold, the devil shall cast [some] of you into prison, that ye may be tried; and ye shall have tribulation ten days: be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.“

INTRODUCTION

For the curious reader, it should be understood that this study is one of six individually posted “Character Profiles”, which in addition to this one include 1) King Ahasuerus, 2) Vashti, 3) Esther, 3) Heggai/Hatach, and 4) Haman. These profiles are all excerpted from an in-depth, expositional commentary on The Book of Esther which shows, by many examples, how the Book of Esther was crafted by God, through the orchestration of time and space with the Holy Spirit inspired recording of it, to perfectly form an Historical Parable. More clearly stated, the Book of Esther has both an earthly/historical meaning and a heavenly/eternal spiritual meaning, which involves significant use of “allegories” and “types“. This study is one of many posted on this website to show that there are many such Hidden Treasures embedded within the various historical accounts that are recorded in the Bible. The Bible is a Spiritual Book, and the understanding of many of the key aspects of the Bible requires spiritual discernment. It should also be remembered that Jesus only spoke in parables to the multitude for the reasons explained here: “Why Did Jesus Speak in Parables?“.

Mordecai, a Jew and an Elder Who Sat in the Gate: A Spiritual Portrait of The Lord Jesus Christ

Esther 2:5, “[Now] in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name [was] Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite;  Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away.“

Although the meaning of “Mordecai” (מָרְדְּכַי (mārdᵊḵay))^H4782 is not clear, but it is said to mean “little man“, which is interesting, because it was Mordecai’s warning to the king that saved the kingdom and yet he was not remembered.  Does not this sound somewhat similar to what we read in  Ecclesiastes 9:13-17, “This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it seemed great unto me: [There was] a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it: Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man. Then said I, Wisdom [is] better than strength: nevertheless the poor man’s wisdom is despised, and his words are not heard. The words of wise [men are] heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools.“

We do know that as a Benjamite, Mordecai was of the tribe of Benjamin (the only full brother of Joseph), whose name means “son of my right hand.”  When Moses gave a blessing to the sons of Jacob/Israel, this is how he blessed Benjamin in Deuteronomy 33:12, “[And] of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by him; [and the LORD] shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between his shoulders.”  “Jair” means “He Enlightens“: “Shimei*” means “renowned” or “famous“: and “Kish” means “power” (also “bow” or “snare”…like the river Kishon).

We also know that a man, also named “Kish” was also the father of the first king of Israel, King Saul.  1 Samuel 9:1&2, “Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish (see above), the son of Abiel (אֲבִיאֵל (‘ăḇî’ēl)^H22, meaning “El (God) is (my) father“), the son of Zeror (צְרוֹר (ṣᵊrôr)^H6872 meaning “Bundle“), the son of Bechorath (בְּכוֹרַת (bᵊḵôraṯ)^H1064 meaning “First Born“), the son of Aphiah (אֲפִיחַ (‘ăp̄îaḥ)^H647 meaning “I will make to Breathe“), a Benjamite, a mighty man of power. And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people.”  The only progeny of King Saul to have been recorded as not having been killed off was Mephibosheth (King Saul’s grandson through Jonathan). Please see this exposition of Mephibosheth.

Is there a King Saul, Jonathan, Mephibosheth Connection to Esther and Mordecai?

It should also be noted that the genealogy provides some additional information that could be pertinent to any study of Mordecai, so let’s look a bit closer.  The genealogy makes it clear that Mordecai was at least indirectly related (a kinsman) to King Saul.  

As mentioned above, a man named Kish was the father of King Saul, who was also a Benjamite (perhaps ironically, so too was the Saul in the New Testament who later became known as Paul).  While King Saul was an outwardly handsome man, of great stature, and a king after the people’s heart, he was faithless and not a king after God’s own heart as was King David.  Nonetheless, God did show compassion and grace toward a remnant of that line by the hand of King David.  This was true for Mephibosheth (a grandson of Saul through Jonathan) who we read about in 2 Samuel 9:13, “So Mephibosheth dwelt in Jerusalem: for he did eat continually at the king’s table; and was lame on both his feet.” We also know that Mephibosheth had a least one son in David’s day, because we read that he had a young son named Micha in 2 Samuel 9:12 “And Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name [was] Micha. And all that dwelt in the house of Ziba [were] servants unto Mephibosheth.“

While it remains unclear if Mordecai (and hence also Esther) are descended from Kish apart from King Saul (by the Shimei who cursed David?), or through King Saul via Jonathan and then Mephibosheth? (NOTE: The detailed lineages/decendents down from Mephibosheth are also listed to the end of the 1 Chronicles, Chapters 8 & 9 and do not provide any evidence of a direct from king Saul down to Mordecai or Esther). 

However, if both Mordecai and Esther descended from Kish through Saul/Jonathan/Mephibosheth/Micha(h), and perhaps a later unlisted descendent who was also named Kish (again meaning “power” (also “bow” or “snare”…like the river Kishon), then both Mordecai and Esther would also be viewed as having:

1) A “royal lineage” through the failed house of Saul (and only due to the promised covenant between David (a type of Jesus Christ) and Jonathan (whom David loved and Jonathan loved David).

2) And, been beneficiaries of the eternal covenant established between the house of David and Jonathan, Saul’s son, that would ensure Jonathan’s seed continued “forever” as we read in 1 Samuel 20:42 “And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.”

This genealogical connection would then be particularly noteworthy, and yes, even amazingly ironic, when we consider that King Saul disobeyed God’s command to utterly destroy the Amalekites, as we read in 1Samuel 15:2&3, “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember [that] which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid [wait] for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt. Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.” King Saul disobeyed God by capturing, but not killing, Agag, “Agag the king of the Amalekites“1 Samuel 15:8.

The following is the discourse between King Saul and Samuel, who, as a prophet of God, condemned King Saul for that disobedience. In 1 Samuel 15:20-23, we read, “And Saul said unto Samuel, Yea, I have obeyed the voice of the LORD, and have gone the way which the LORD sent me, and have brought Agag the king of Amalek, and have utterly destroyed the Amalekites. But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed, to sacrifice unto the LORD thy God in Gilgal. And Samuel said, Hath the LORD [as great] delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey [is] better than sacrifice, [and] to hearken than the fat of rams. For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry. Because thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, he hath also rejected thee from [being] king.”  

It is therefore a most interesting irony that if King Saul been obedient to God’s command to kill the Amalekites, then the book of Esther would not have been written, because the adversary, Haman, who sought to destroy Mordecai and all of his people (the Jews), was none other than a descendent of king Agag (Samuel hewed king Agag in pieces in 1 Samuel 15:33)!

However, it clearly served God’s Purpose for history to develop as it did, according to His Will, to ultimately bring Glory and Honor to God through the fulfillment of His Covenant Promise to Abraham (as well as all of the Old Testament prophesies) to bring about the immaculate birth, sinless life, atoning death, and glorious resurrection of our LORD Jesus Christ to save a people for Himself.

Mordecai and Esther, as Benjamites, Likely of King Saul’s House, Fulfilled God’s Command that King Saul Had Disobeyed

So is it not most interesting, yes, even amazing, that, in the book of Esther, those who are possibly the descendants, or at the least, relatives, of King Saul, being all Benjamites, descended from a man named Kish would thus have fulfilled the earlier command of God, which King Saul had failed to do, in putting out the name of Amalek forever. That command’s fulfillment would be typified by the hanging of Haman and his ten sons as we read in Exodus 17:14-16, “And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this [for] a memorial in a book, and rehearse [it] in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovah-nissi: For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn [that] the LORD [will have] war with Amalek from generation to generation.” It was therefore clearly all foreordained by God to play out and be recorded exactly as it occurred in Esther!

(NOTE: There is one additional irony to be found in the Bible with regard to the Amalekites and King Saul, the son of Kish, because according to 2 Samuel 1:13, it was was none other than “the son of a stranger, an Amalekite” who looted King Saul’s crown and who evidently falsely claimed to David that he had dealt the final lethal blow to King Saul after King Saul had been wounded in battle by Philistine archers (even though the wounded King Saul is recorded in two places in the Bible as having taken his own life by falling on his sword, see both 1 Samuel 31:1-6 and 1Chronicles 10:4). The full account regarding that Amalekite begins in 2 Samuel 1:1 where we read that, “Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;” and ends with David putting that Amalekite to death 2 Samuel 1:16, “And David said unto him, Thy blood [be] upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD’S anointed.” The same account is also brought up later by King David in 2 Samuel 4:10, “When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who [thought] that I would have given him a reward for his tidings:”).  

It is also clear that no matter how many times the Amalekites were “slaughtered” at various times in the Bible, that nonetheless, somehow, Haman survived (and Haman was a descendent of king Agag, who ruled the Amalekites in the time of king Saul and king Agag was killed by Samuel).  It seems clear however, that even though the last Biblical reference to the slaughter of the Amalekites, which occurred during the reign of Judah’s King Hezekiah (where we are told 1 Chronicles 4:41-43 that 500 men from the tribe of Simeon “smote the rest of the Amalekites that were escaped)” that some Amalekites must have continued to live until the time of Esther. Given that there are no further mentions of the Amalekites (or Agagites) beyond the Book of Esther, then it is safe to conclude that the death of Haman and his ten sons marked the final end of the line for the Amalekites.[And we should not miss the point that it is also entirely consistent that the Amalekites, who are typological representative of the devil’s host opposed to the eternal Church of Christ, are portrayed in the historical parable of the Book of Esther as being wiped out on Judgment Day.]

Who is Jair?

As noted above, Jair means “He Enlightens“: Jair’s father was “Shimei”, which means “renowned” or “famous“: and his grandfather was “Kish”. As for Jair, we read of a man named Jair in Judges 10:3-5, who was a judge in Israel; and in 1 Chronicles 20:5 of another son of a man named Jair (named Elhanan, which means “God is a gracious giver”) who slew the brother of the giant Goliath.  The genealogical namesakes remind us that Mordecai (like Saul who became Paul) was of a line that should have been cut-off by God, but nonetheless was instead a recipient of God’s grace.

Who is Shimei?

Shimei (or Shimhi or Shimi or Shimea) is also the name of a man descended from Saul who we read about in 2 Samuel 16:5, “And when king David came to Bahurim, behold, thence came out a man of the family of the house of Saul, whose name [was] Shimei, the son of Gera: he came forth, and cursed still as he came.”  Later in 2 Samuel 19:16-20, Shimei repented of his sin against David and begged for mercy, and David granted it, as we read in 2 Samuel 19:23, “Therefore the king said unto Shimei, Thou shalt not die. And the king sware unto him.”  However, in the case of that Shimei, we later read 1 Kings 2:36-46 that because he did not obey King Solomon’s commandment to not cross the Brook Kidron (he turned again to folly), King Solomon had that Shimei put to death. (For more background how this was pre-determined by David immediately before his own death in his last words of instruction to his son Solomon, please see also 1Kings 2:8&9).

It is not possible to definitively rule out that Mordecai (as well as Esther) is descended from this same Benjamite Shimei, because this Shimei could have had children after being spared by king David and his later being put to death by Solomon. If that were so, then this would be another irony in that had David not spared Shimei, then Mordecai and Esther would not have been born…much like the ironic twist wherein if Saul had destroyed Agag and all the Amalekites, then Haman would not have been born.

An Elder in the City

We know that Mordecai was an elder in the city because he sat in the king’s gate.  Further, despite having saved the life of the king, he and his good deed were soon forgotten.  This is similar to the account in Ecclesiastes 9:14&15, “[There was] a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it:  Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man.”  Isn’t this similar to the wisdom of Jesus Christ who became poor that the believer’s might become rich in Him.  Didn’t Jesus save His beloved Church, the “city” of the New Jerusalem?  Nonetheless, following the abasement Mordecai suffered by the putting on sackcloth and sitting in ashes, eventually he was exalted to the right hand of the king.  Isn’t this similar to what we read of Jesus?

Regarding the Virtuous Women we read in Proverbs 31:23, “Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land.“

Hebrews 2:9, “But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man.“

2 Peter 1:17, “For he received from God the Father honour and glory, when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.“

Also in Revelation 4:11, “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.“

In Psalm 145 we read, “(David’s Psalm of praise.) I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever. Every day will I bless thee; and I will praise thy name for ever and ever. Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness is unsearchable. One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts. I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy wondrous works.”

Revelation 5:11-13, “And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands; Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing.  And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, [be] unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever.“

Revelation 7:12, “Saying, Amen: Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and might, [be] unto our God for ever and ever. Amen.“

 Revelation 19:1, “And after these things I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto the Lord our God:“

Mordecai’s Attributes:

Humility

Mordecai was a humble man who did not boast of his having saved the King.

Wisdom

Mordecai always took the wise and appropriate actions towards God and man.

Concern for Others

Mordecai showed compassion to Esther by raising her up as his own daughter and continuing to be concerned about her welfare and that of her (and his) people.

A Man to Whom Glory and Honor Was Ultimately Given

In reviewing the attributes of Mordecai and his portrayal relationship to Jesus in overturning the forces of darkness and receiving honor and glory in ultimate victory we can look to Psalm 21:1-13, “{To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.} The king shall joy in thy strength, O LORD; and in thy salvation how greatly shall he rejoice!  Thou hast given him his heart’s desire, and hast not withholden the request of his lips. Selah.  For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness: thou settest a crown of pure gold on his head.  He asked life of thee, [and] thou gavest [it] him, [even] length of days for ever and ever.  His glory [is] great in thy salvation: honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him.  For thou hast made him most blessed for ever: thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance.  For the king trusteth in the LORD, and through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved.  Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee.  Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger: the LORD shall swallow them up in his wrath (אַף (‘ap̄))^H639, and the fire shall devour them.  Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth, and their seed from among the children of men.  For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous device, [which] they are not able [to perform].  Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back, [when] thou shalt make ready [thine arrows] upon thy strings against the face of them.  Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength: [so] will we sing and praise thy power.“

1 Timothy 6:14-16, “That thou keep [this] commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ: Which in his times he shall shew, [who is] the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords; Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen.

And it cannot be anymore clear than what we also find emphasized in Revelation 19:16, “And he (Jesus) hath on [his] vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.“

(Note that in both Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 7:7 we can read of a man named Mordecai, clearly considered to have been a senior person at the time, who was taken into captivity by the King of Babylon and later returned after the captivity.  The dates of the various Medo-Persian kings is not entirely clear, but there is at least the possibility that this could be the very same Mordecai who, with Esther, had first been moved to Persia following the conquest of Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon.)

The Last Words: “speaking peace to all his seed”

The very last verse in the Book of Esther, Esther 10:3, reads as follows “For Mordecai the Jew [was] next unto king Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted of the multitude (רֹב (rōḇ))^H7230 of his brethren, seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed.“

There is a whole lot of spiritual meaning in this one verse, which is expounded upon in this post: “Esther Chapter 10” and provided below in the Appendix. The gist of it is that Mordecai the Jew was next (reigning at the right hand) of king Ahasuerus, which could not possibly be any more of a clear reflection of the fact that Jesus, “The Jew”, reigns on the throne at the Right Hand of God The Father in Heaven! And Jesus will be praised forever in Heaven by the multitude (the word is (רֹב (rōḇ))^H7230, which also means “abundance” or “plenty” ) of His brethren, the Saints, the children of God. But as the last verse indicates, given that Mordecai serves as a “Type”, then we can see that it is spiritually telling us that The Lord Jesus Christ (Who Is also “the Prince of Peace”Isaiah 9:6 ) Will Be Speaking Peace to All “His Seed”…to All of His People, His Saints, The Believers, His Church… forever in Heaven.

Conclusion

When we look closely at all aspects of the man, Mordecai, as provided in the “historical” account, we can see how miraculously and supernaturally God has crafted the recording of that account to reveal Mordecai as a “Type” or “Figure”, who spiritually is an unequivocal representative of the Lord Jesus Christ. This exegesis is in perfect harmony with Jesus’ own teachings that we read about in the historical account of “The Road to Emmaus“.

Appendix: More on ““speaking peace to all his seed.”

Mordecai the Jew was next (reigning at the right hand) of king Ahasuerus, which could not possibly be any more of a clear reflection of the fact that Jesus, “The Jew”, reigns on the throne at the Right Hand of God The Father in Heaven! And Jesus will be praised forever in Heaven by the multitude (the word is (רֹב (rōḇ))^H7230, which also means “abundance” or “plenty” ) of His brethren, the Saints, the children of God.

NOTE TO THE READER: It is no coincidence that the account we read of in Daniel, Chapter 6, follows a similar patter to what we see with regard to Mordecai in Esther Chapter 10. Just as Mordecai is a “Type” to represent the Lord Jesus Christ and king Ahasuerus is a “Type” to represent God the Father, so to do is Daniel a “Type” to represent the Lord Jesus Christ, and king Darius is a “Type” to represent God the Father. Just as Daniel was trapped by false accusations and sentenced to death, so too was Jesus falsely accused and sentence to death by crucifixion. Just as king Darius subsequently lifted up Daniel out of the lions’ den in the morning, so too did God the Father resurrect Jesus on Easter Morning from the tomb, after Jesus had endured Hell (for the equivalent of eternity). Both the actions involving Daniel and Jesus were quickly followed by “Royal” decrees to the whole world of “peace”, with the admonition and warning to worship, fear, and revere God Almighty. Note the similarities with Dan 6:25-27, “¶Then king Darius wrote unto all people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. I make a decree, That in every dominion of my kingdom men tremble and fear before the God of Daniel: for he [is] the living God, and stedfast for ever, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed, and his dominion [shall be even] unto the end. He delivereth and rescueth, and he worketh signs and wonders in heaven and in earth, who hath delivered Daniel from the power of the lions.“

The last short chapter of Esther prophetically speaks of the believers rejoicing in Heaven for all eternity.  Just as the Jews in Esther’s day had rest from their enemies, we are reminded in Psalm 37:38-40, of the following: “But the transgressors shall be destroyed together: the end of the wicked shall be cut off. But the salvation of the righteous [is] of the LORD: [he is their] strength in the time of trouble. And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him.“

In the Psalm verse just previous to the one above, in Psalm 37:37, we read, “Mark the perfect [man], and behold the upright: for the end of [that] man [is] peace.”  Who is He that is Perfect Who brings us peace?  The “Prince of Peace”,our LORD and Savior, Jesus Christ.  See Isaiah 9:6, “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God,The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.“

Numbers 6:26, “The LORD lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace.“

Psalm 125:5, “As for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways, the LORD shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity: [but] peace [shall be] upon Israel.“

Philippians 4:7, “And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.“

Mark 4:39, “And he arose, and rebuked the wind, and said unto the sea, Peace, be still. And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm.” Only Jesus can speak this kind of Peace!

God, Through Christ Jesus, Speaks Peace to All of His People, His Saints, The Believers, His “Seed”!

“Peace” (Jesus Is the Personification of “Peace”)

Is it not a fact that Jesus Christ is “The Prince of Peace” (see Isaiah 9:6)? and that in John 20:21 we read, “Then said Jesus to them again, Peace [be] unto you: as [my] Father hath sent me, even so send I you.”? And also in John 14:27, Jesus said, “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.”?

Ephesians 2:14-18 makes clear how Jesus Personifies Peace, “¶For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition [between us]; Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments [contained] in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, [so] making peace; And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby: And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh. For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.“

In Luke 7:50, Jesus said to the sinner woman who anointed his feet with ointment and washed them with her tears with her hair, “¶And he said to the woman, Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace.”

It is almost impossible for anyone to not see how perfectly God crafted Mordecai to be a “type” of Jesus (as One with God Himself) as we can also read in Psalm 85:8, the following… “I will hear what God the LORD will speak: for he will speak peace unto his people, and to his saints: but let them not turn again to folly.”  and in Psalm 122:7&8 we read where God is referring allegorically to the body of believers (Jerusalem, the city of God), “Peace be within thy walls, [and] prosperity within thy palaces. For my brethren and companions’ sakes, I will now say, Peace [be] within thee.” 

Psalm 37:11, “But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace.“

In Psalm 29:11, “The LORD will give strength unto his people; the LORD will bless his people with peace.”

And then, finally look at what we are told in Acts 10:36, “The word which [God] sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:)”

Other relevant verses:

Romans 15:13, “¶Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.“

Psalm 132:16, “I will also clothe her priests with salvation: and her saints shall shout aloud for joy (רַנֵּן (rannēn))^H7444.”

And let us not forget what God tells us in both Isaiah 48:22, “[There is] no peace, saith the LORD, unto the wicked.” and Isaiah 57:21, “[There is] no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.“

“To All His Seed“

Note also what is said in Galatians 3:16, “Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.” All believers are considered the seed (plural…the true eternal Jews) ) of Jesus Christ (singular), for we read in Galatians 3:26, “For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.“, and in Galatians 3:29, “And if ye [be] Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.”  And the promise is the Covenant of God which He made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as we Acts 3:23 “Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed.” The believers are the progeny (many) of the Lord Jesus Christ (One) to whom He speaks Peace…Philippians 4:7“And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.”  Again, in Psalm 37:26 we read, “[He is] (The LORD Is) ever merciful, and lendeth; and his seed [is] blessed.“

Please note the beautiful and clear parallels between Esther 10:3 and the following verses:

2 Samuel 22:50&51, “Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name. [He is] the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.”

Psalm 18:50,“Great deliverance giveth he to his king; and sheweth mercy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore.“

Psalm 22:30&31, “A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation. They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done [this].”

Psalm  25:13,  “His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth.”

Psalm 37:25&26, “I have been young, and [now] am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. [He is] ever merciful, and lendeth; and his seed [is] blessed.“

Psalm 69:35 &36,  “For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein.”

Psalm 89:4, “Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations. Selah.“

Psalm 89:29, “His seed also will I make [to endure] for ever, and his throne as the days of heaven.“

Psalm 89:36&37, “His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me. It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah.“

Psalm 112:2, “His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the generation of the upright shall be blessed.“

Proverbs 11:21, “[Though] hand [join] in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered.

Isaiah 43:4-7 speaks of God speaking to Jesus about the gathering of the believers, Jesus’ “seed“, to whom God gives to Jesus from throughout the world to glorify Him, “Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. Fear not: for I [am] with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; [Even]every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him.”

Isaiah 45:25, “In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.“

In Isaiah 53:10, “Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put [him] to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see [his] seed, he shall prolong [his] days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.“

Isaiah 54:3, “For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited.“

Isaiah 54:13, “And all thy children [shall be] taught of the LORD; and great [shall be] the peace of thy children.“

Hebrews 12:2, “Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of [our] faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.”

1 Peter 1:22&23, “¶Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, [see that ye] love one another with a pure heart fervently: Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.“

1 John 3:9&10, “Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. ¶In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother.“

The Bible makes it clear that, in God’s Eyes, a “Jew” does not necessarily refer to a literal physical descendent of Abraham through Isaac, as we read in Romans 2:28&29, “For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither [is that] circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:  But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.“

Romans 9:1-8 reiterates how God views the eternal spiritual Israel (the believers in the Messiah, Jesus Christ), for Paul was moved by the Holy Spirit to write the following: “I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,  That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.  For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:  Who are Israelites; to whom [pertaineth] the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service [of God], and the promises;  Whose [are] the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ [came], who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.  Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they [are] not all Israel, which are of Israel:  Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, [are they] all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.  That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these [are] not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.”  

This is also consistent with what we read again in Psalm 22:23, “Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.” and Psalm 22:30, “A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.”  The Israel that is being spoken here in Psalm 22 is the Eternal Israel, those are the children of promise and counted for the seed. 

In the first instance “The Seed” being discussed is really only Jesus as we read in Galatians 3:16, “Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.” But, in the second instance, the Elect of God, being the children of promise and thus the true seed of Jacob/Israel, they are also the seed of Christ, Who is exemplified in the Book of Esther by Mordecai. 

To underscore this idea, God tells us in Ephesians 2:11-22, “Wherefore remember, that ye [being] in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands;  That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:  But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.  For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition [between us];  Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, [even] the law of commandments [contained] in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, [so] making peace;  And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:  And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh.  For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.  Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner [stone]; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord:  In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit.“

We also know that the devil seeks to destroy those who are believers, those who form the true Church and are the Bride of Christ as we read in Revelation 12:17, “And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments ofGod, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.“

In 1 Peter 1:23, in referring to the believer, it says that we are born again of the incorruptible seed by the word of God and therefore have eternal life through Jesus Christ… “Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.” 

Finally, let us not forget what was noted earlier in the parable of Balaam regarding “Israel” (where Balak, the king of Moab, sought to hire Balaam to curse Israel), God made Balaam prophesy that Israel (and hence its ultimate King, Jesus Christ, Who Is Israel) would be exalted above king Agag, as we read Numbers 24:7, “He (Jesus) shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his (Jesus’) seed [shall be] in many waters, and his king (Jesus) shall be higher than Agag, and his (Jesus’) kingdom shall be exalted.”  (And let us not forget that king Agag points us to Haman, who is the Devil in Disguise, and whose kingdom will be destroyed forever.)

God’s Sovereignty is Manifest Throughout the Book of Esther

God, through His Word, the Bible, tells us the following:

1. God is completely Sovereign, and oversees everything that is going on in all of this creation. God has created all things for Himself, and continues to ordain and maintain them for His Glory, both good and evil (Isaiah 45:7; Proverbs 16:4; Romans 9:21-23). 
2. The Believers are not to fret or worry about all the evil around them in the world, or about the wicked evil doers, because the judgment and punishment of the wicked is certain and sure. God makes clear that Judgment Day is definitely coming, and that Jesus will Judge everyone in the world according their works. Revelation 1:13-18, describes Jesus in allegorical language to describe some of Jesus’ attributes as The Judge, “And in the midst of the seven candlesticks [one] like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle. His head and [his] hairs [were] white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes [were] as a flame of fire; And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters. And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance [was] as the sun shineth in his strength. And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last: I [am] he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.” Sadly, the vast majority of mankind will be sent to Hell forever. Jesus makes this clear in Matthew 7:13&14, “¶Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide [Is] the gate, and broad [Is] the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat: Because strait [is] the gate, and narrow [Is] the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.“
3. When Jesus comes back on Judgment Day, the universe as we know it will be destroyed, but Jesus will create new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness. 2 Peter 3:10-13, ¶But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.[Seeing] then [that] all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in [all] holy conversation and godliness, Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat? Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.
4. Luke 10:27, “And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and  with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and  thy neighbour as thyself.“
5. Ecclesiastes 12:13, “Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this [is] the whole [duty] of man.“

Introduction

For the curious reader, it should be understood that this study is one of six individually posted “Character Profiles”, which in addition to this one include 1) Vashti 2) Mordecai, 2) Esther, 3) Heggai/Hatach, and 4) Haman. These profiles are all excerpted from an in-depth, expositional commentary of The Book of Esther which shows, by many examples, how the Book of Esther was crafted by God, through the orchestration of time and space, with the Holy Spirit inspired recording of it, to perfectly form an Historical Parable. More clearly stated, the Book of Esther has both an earthly/historical meaning and a heavenly/eternal spiritual meaning, which involves significant use of “allegories” and “types“. This study is one of many posted on this website to show that there are many such Hidden Treasures embedded within the various historical accounts that are recorded in the Bible. The Bible is a Spiritual Book, and the understanding of many of the key aspects of the Bible requires spiritual discernment. It should also be remembered that Jesus only spoke in parables to the multitude for the reasons explained here: “Why Did Jesus Speak in Parables?“.

In the Book of Esther, we are immediately introduced to King Ahasuerus. In the very first verse, Esther 1:1, we read, “¶Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this [is] Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia, [over] an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:)“. In this literal historical narrative that forms the Book of Esther, king Ahasuerus is simply a man who ruled the vast empire of the Medes and Persians following the fall and capture of king Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon. However, this historical figure serves another, much more important, role when viewed from a spiritual perspective. From that perspective, we will consider how king Ahasuerus can represent Almighty God/God the Father.

God Is The King Who Reigns For Eternity

We should begin with the fact that God declares Himself to be the King Who reigns over all creation. In Psalm 47:7&8, we read, “For God [is] the King of all the earth: sing ye praises with understanding. God reigneth over the heathen: God sitteth upon the throne of his holiness.” Zechariah 14:9, “And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one.” Psalm 93:1, “¶The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is clothed with strength, [wherewith] he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. Thy throne [is] established of old: thou [art] from everlasting.” And in Revelation 19:6, we read, “¶And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.” and Psalm 10:16, “The LORD [is] King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land.”

And when we look at the Persian king’s name, “Ahasuerus“, we gain some additional insight.  According to Strong’s Concordance this king’s name is of Persian origin.  It is said to be more of a title, referring to a king, rather than a specific name.  It is believed to be the same as either Artexerxes or Xerxes (which has been said to mean “Mighty Eye” or “Mighty Man“, but this is also unclear from the Biblical text alone). It has been claimed in more than one reference that the name means “venerable father“, which, if true, is extremely significant as we shall see later.

There is no genealogy provided (Remember that God Himself has no genealogy).  It should be noted that in Daniel 9:1 we read, that “In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;”. Darius is one of the kings of Persia who commanded, in Ezra chapter 6, that the Jews rebuild the temple and walls of Jerusalem.  In Ezra 6:14 we read, “And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.”

NOTE: Given that king Darius is stated to have been “the son of Ahasuerus“, we can certainly wonder if king Darius might therefore also be the son of queen Esther? If that were to have been the case, then it would mean that Darius was half Jewish, half Benjamite, and of the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob! It would also help to explain why Darius would have been motivated to have the Jews rebuild the Temple and Jerusalem. Moreover, given that Mordecai (and hence Esther) are descendants of a man named Kish (the name of the father of king Saul), we might also wonder, if the above is true, then perhaps king Darius would have also been a descendant of King Saul, hence Jonathan, and hence Mephibosheth (whose name means “Dispeller of Shame”). This lineage is certainly not beyond the realm of possibility of what God could have orchestrated. Also interestingly, let us not forget that the Apostle Paul was also a Benjamite, whose original given name was Saul, as in King Saul. We must never underestimate what God can do! For more on the implications of Mordecai’s possible relationship to king Saul, please see Mordecai’s Character Profile and this post,”The King Saul/Mordecai Connection“

All “Glory” and “Honor” and “Majesty” Belong to God, as He Alone is Excellent!

We first read of King Ahaseurus’ kingdom thusly:

Esther 1:4, “When he shewed the riches of his glorious (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 kingdom and the honour (יְקָר (yᵊqār))^H3366 of his excellent (תִּפְאָרָה (tip̄’ārâ))^H8597 majesty many days, [even] an hundred and fourscore days.”

Now please note how the above description compares with the Kingdom of God:

Psalm 8:1, “{To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of David.} O LORD our Lord, how excellent (אַדִּיר (‘adîr))^H117 [is] thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 above the heavens.“

Psalm 8:5 “For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ)) ^H3519 and honour (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926.

Psalm 21:5, “His glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 [Is] great in thy salvation: honour (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 and majesty (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926 hast thou laid upon him.”

Psalm 24:10, “Who is this King of glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519? The LORD of hosts, he [is] the King of glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519. Selah.“

Psalm 45:3-5, “Gird thy sword upon [thy] thigh, O [most] mighty, with thy glory (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 and thy majesty (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926. And in thy majesty(הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926 ride prosperously because of truth and meekness [and] righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. Thine arrows [are] sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; [whereby] the people fall under thee.“

Psalm 72:19, “And blessed [be] his glorious (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 name for ever: and let the whole earth be filled [with] his glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 ; Amen, and Amen.“

Psalm 93:1, “¶The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty(גֵּאוּת (gē’ûṯ))^H1348; the LORD is clothed with strength, [wherewith] he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved.”

Psalm 96:6, “Honour (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935and majesty (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926[are] before him: strength and beauty [are] in his sanctuary.”

Psalm 104:1, “Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 and majesty (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926.“

Psalm 111:3. “His work [is] honorable (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 and glorious(also “majesty” (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926: and his righteousness endureth for ever.“

Psalm 113:4&5, “The LORD [is] high above all nations, [and] his glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 above the heavens. Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high,“

Psalm 145:5, “I will speak of the glorious (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 honour (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926of thy majesty (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935, and of thy wondrous (פָּלָא (pālā’)^H6381 works.” [NOTE: The Hebrew word that was translated as “works” should more accurately be translated “words” (דָּבָר (dāḇār))^H1697. Therefore, we can also read it as saying “I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy wondrous words.“]

For more on the importance of the original Hebrew word, (פָּלָא (pālā’)^H6381, as found in association with the word (דָּבָר (dāḇār))^H1697, please see this Bible Word Study: פָּלָא (pālā’) “Wondrous” Things

And…Psalm 145:10-13, “All thy works shall praise thee, O LORD; and thy saints shall bless thee.They shall speak of the glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 of thy kingdom, and talk of thy power; To make known to the sons of men his mighty acts, and the glorious (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 majesty (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926 of his kingdom. Thy kingdom [is] an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion [endureth] throughout all generations.“

Actually, all of Psalm 145 extols, and speaks praise to, Almighty God’s Glorious Honor and Majesty.

Psalms 148:13, “Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent; his glory (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 [is] above the earth and heaven.“

Psalm 150:1&2, “¶ Praise ye the LORD. Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in the firmament of his power.  Praise him for his mighty acts: praise him according to his excellent greatness (גֹּדֶל (gōḏel))^H1433.“ “Excellent greatness” can also be considered as “magnificence“

1 Chronicles 16:25-28, “For great [is] the LORD, and greatly to be praised: he also [is] to be feared above all gods.  For all the gods of the people [are] idols: but the LORD made the heavens.  Glory (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935 and honour (הָדָר (hāḏār)) ^H1926 [are] in his presence; strength and gladness [are] in his place. Give unto the LORD, ye kindreds of the people, give unto the LORD glory (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 and strength.“

1 Chronicles 29:10-13, “¶Wherefore David blessed the LORD before all the congregation: and David said, Blessed [be thou, LORD God of Israel our father, for ever and ever. Thine, O LORD, [is] the greatness (גְּדוּלָה (gᵊḏûlâ))^H1420, and the power (גְּבוּרָה (gᵊḇûrâ)^H1369 , and the glory (תִּפְאָרָה (tip̄’ārâ))^H8597, and the victory, and the majesty (הוֹד (hôḏ)) ^H1935: for all [that is] in the heaven and in the earth [is thine]; thine [is] the kingdom, O LORD, and thou art exalted as head above all. Both riches and honour (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 [come] of thee, and thou reignest over all; and in thine hand [is] power כֹּחַ (kōaḥ)^H3581 and might גְּבוּרָה (gᵊḇûrâ)^H1369; and in thine hand [it is] to make great, and to give strength unto all. Now therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious (תִּפְאָרָה (tip̄’ārâ))^H8597 name.“

New Testament References

Matthew 24:30, “And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.“

1 Timothy 1:17, “Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, [be] honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen.“

Jude 1:25, “To the only wise God our Saviour, [be] glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and ever. Amen.”

Revelation 4:11, “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.“

God and His Word are Unchangeable

God’s Law is eternal, unchangeable (cannot be altered or annulled) and is irrevocable, just like the law of the Medes and the Persians.

Esther 1:19, “If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.”   (Compare with: Daniel 6:8, “Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.”  and Daniel 6:15, “Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king, Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians [is], That no decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed.“)

Malachi 3:6, “For I [am] the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed.“

Numbers 23:19, “God [is] not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do [it]? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good?“

1 Samuel 15:29, “And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he [is] not a man, that he should repent.“

 Jeremiah 4:28, “For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black: because I have spoken [it], I have purposed [it], and will not repent, neither will I turn back from it.“

We also read in Isaiah 14:24, “The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, [so] shall it stand:“ and then just three verses later in Isaiah 14:27, “For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul [it]? and his hand [is] stretched out, and who shall turn it back?“

God’s Word (the Gospel of Jesus Christ) is “Published” Throughout All His Empire

Esther 1:20, “And when the king’s decree which he shall make shall be published (גָּלָה (gālâ))^H1540 throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.” The original Hebrew word for published really means to “reveal” or “uncover”. The Word of God, Jesus Christ, Is revealed in the New Testament era!

Psalm 68:11, “The Lord gave the word: great [was] the company of those that published בָּשַׂר (bāśar)^H1319 [it].” In this case, the original Hebrew word for ‘publish’ is better understood as “delivering a message” or “preached” the Word.

Mark 13:10, “And the gospel must first be publishedamong all nations.“

Mark 16:15, “And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.“

Deuteronomy 31:30, “And Moses spake in the ears of all the congregation of Israel the words of this song, until they were ended.  Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.  My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass:  Because I will publish  קָרָא (qārā’)^H7121, the name of the LORD: ascribe ye greatness unto our God.  [He is] the Rock, his work [is] perfect: for all his ways [are] judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right [is] he.” The original Hebrew word used here for publish is better translated as “proclaim“.

And to emphasize that the Kingdom of God is from all nations, Revelation 7:9&10, “After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and beforethe Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands; And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb.”

 The Seven Wise Men in Shushan the Palace

In Esther 1:13&14 we read, “Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so [was] the king’s manner toward all that knew law and judgment:  And the next unto him [was] Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, [and] Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, which saw the king’s face, [and] which sat the first in the kingdom;)”  Who do these seven wise men represent who knowboth times, law, and judgment?  God gives us the answer in Revelation 4:5, “And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and [there were] seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.“

Please note the similarity to what we find in Exodus 19:16, where we read, “And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that [was] in the camp trembled.  And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount.  And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.”  and in Exodus 34:2, “And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount.  Remember what God told Moses when Moses was to go up to Mount Sinai to visit with God?  In Exodus 33:20 we read, “And he (God) said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live“.  Doesn’t it appear that Mount Sinai was used of God to typify His throne?  Furthermore, by typifying God’s throne, both Mount Sinai in Exodus (and Shushan the palace in Esther 1:2, “[That] in those days, when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which [was] in Shushan the palace,“) must therefore represent Heaven.  We can say this because of what we read in Isaiah 66:1(and Acts 7:49), “Thus saith the LORD, The heaven [is] my throne, and the earth [is] my footstool: where [is] the house that ye build unto me? and where [is] the place of my rest?“.  Finally, isn’t it also reasonable to conclude that the seven wise men in the book of Esther could therefore be representative of the “seven Spirits of God” that are always with Him and see His face and Who know the times, law, and judgment (which relates to the “fire”)?

The key time elements of the Book of Esther effectively spanned a “year” according to Esther 3:7, going from the first month “Nisan” to the twelth month, “Adar”, which spiritually spans from creation to Judgment Day. We should therefore consider that King Ahasuerus’ reign spanned that entire period, which again points us to God, The Father/God Almighty, as He alone reigns over all Creation and all time (beginning to end).

No other entity could be so represented by King Ahasuerus as continuing to reign uninterrupted. For example, let’s take for example, Adam, he was a man of God’s creation in the likeness of God. Adam subsequently sinned and was cursed by God and Adam died. He did not continue to reign. He forfeited his rights to this creation to the wicked one, the devil, represented by Haman. Adam did not reign with a “golden sceptre”. Adam did not reign during the fulfillment of the Feast of Passover, or the Feast of Pentecost, and neither will Adam reign when Judgment Day comes. The believers do not make their prayers known to Adam, but to God the Father and certified in Jesus’ name. The believers boldly come into God’s throne room of grace for salvation, and not to Adam (Adam never had a throne and he could not even save himself).

APPENDIX: Questions and Answers

Having provided this study, and the fundamentals of the “Typological” or “allegorical” understanding by which it was derived, let us now look at a few questions that have been brought to this teacher’s attention regarding the preceding commentary and interpretations. It has been asked of this teacher by someone who is very familiar with the Bible (a former Dean of a well known Theological Seminary)…

“What are the implications of a pagan, drunken, self-centered, and rash king (who seeks and is bound by the counsel of his advisors) being likened to God?”

This Teacher’s Reply to the Question Can Be Broken Down into Five Parts:

1) Can A Pagan King Be Likened To God?

Let us take a look at the first part of the question: is it really possible that a “pagan” king can be likened to God?  If we turn to Genesis 41:39-44, we can see a similar account where another pagan king, a pharaoh of Egypt, elevated Joseph (who, like Mordecai, is a classic allegorical pre-figurement of Jesus Christ) to his right hand.  Notice the language, “And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph’s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;  And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him [ruler] over all the land of Egypt.”  Isn’t it Jesus Christ to whom every knee will eventually bow? (see Philippians 2:10)  And doesn’t the fine linen pertain to the righteousness of Christ which will eventually also be imputed to the believers? (See Revelation 18:19).  What about kings Cyrus and Darius of Persia when they each gave a commandment to rebuild the temple? (see Ezra 1:1-2, Ezra 6:12)  (Also note that in Ezra 6:14, Artaxerxes (Ahasuerus) is also listed with Cyrus and Darius, right after the God of Israel as having given that commandment.)  In Daniel 6:25, we read, “Then king Darius wrote unto all people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you.”  Who is it that has the power to declare to all people, nations and languages, that dwell in all the earth, “Peace be unto you?”  Only Almighty God Himself! (John 20:19, John 20:21, John 20:26, and Revelation 1:4)  So then, you be the judge…can a pagan king be likened to God?

2) Is God Drunken with Wine?

Regarding the issue of “drunkenness”, there is no place in the book of Esther where there is an explicit reference to “drunkenness” on the part of the king Ahasuerus.  What was recorded in Esther 1:10 was only, “When the heart of the king was merry with wine.”  We should take a moment to review what is a “parable”?…A parable is an earthly story with a heavenly or spiritual meaning.  While we may speculate that in the historical context this means drunkenness, we have to be careful to see what God means “spiritually” by the use of such language.  If it can only mean drunkenness, then we would also have to accuse God of being a drunkard, because in Judges 9:12-13, we read, “Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, [and] reign over us.  And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?”  Incidentally, in this parable, “the vine” represents Jesus Christ (John 15:1+5), and as everywhere in the Bible, good wine represents the shed blood of Jesus Christ.  Even “Strong wine” as we find in Numbers 28:7 “And the drink offering thereof [shall be] the fourth [part] of an hin for the one lamb: in the holy [place] shalt thou cause the strong wine to be poured unto the LORD [for] a drink offering.”

Also take for example, in Luke 10:34, we read how the Good Samaritan treated the “half-dead man” (BTW: the half-dead man is someone who is physically alive, but spiritually dead, and hence unsaved), “And went to [him], and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him.”  The wine represents the shed blood of Jesus Christ, and the Oil represents the Holy Spirit (Psalms 23:5, Please see this study on Psalm 23), and Jesus is that Good Samaritan as He saves every believer.  In Psalm 104:14&15, we read how the Lord God “causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth;  And wine [that] maketh glad the heart of man, [and] oil to make [his] face to shine, and bread [which] strengtheneth man’s heart.”  We have just observed what the wine and oil represents, and every believer should know that the bread represents Jesus Christ’s body that was given for us (please see John 6:35 and John 6:31 and Matthew 26:26, Mar 14:22, and Luke 22:19 ).

Before we leave the subject of wine at the feast (Jesus’s death on the final Passover) to which Vashti (Old Testament National Israel) refused to come.  Did the wine (Jesus’s shed blood, as the atoning sacrifice culminating with His crucifixion) cheer God (make His heart merry)?  In Isaiah 53:5 we read how Jesus “[was] wounded for our transgressions, [he was] bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace [was] upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.”  And then in Isaiah 53:10, “Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put [him] to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see [his] seed, he shall prolong [his] days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.“ and again in Hebrews 12:2, “Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of [our] faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.”

One other aspect that relates to feasting and wine that is in the book of Esther (mentioned earlier above) relates to the “banquets of wine” at which king Ahasuerus sat down with Haman in the presence of Esther (Esther, chapters 5-7).  Did God ever sit down at a feast table with Satan in the presence of believers where wine was also present?  Indeed He did!  At the last Passover feast, the “Last Supper,” God (as Jesus Christ) sat next to Judas Iscariot (who we know was indwelt with Satan, Luke 22:3) in the presence of Jesus’s eleven other disciples (believers) at the Passover feast where we know the Jesus instituted the sacrament service with wine (representing His shed blood).  As Jesus said in John 13:18, “I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture (Psalms 41:9) may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel against me.“

Note also how that immediately after the banquet of chapter 7, Haman was hung on the high gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai.  The same day as the Passover Feast at which Judas Iscariot subsequently betrayed Jesus (under the prompting of Satan, see John 13:2), Jesus was hung on the cross (see Galatians 3:13).  The fact of the matter is, although Satan sought to destroy Jesus at the cross, it was Satan who was actually dealt a death blow on that same cross.  (Incidentally, at the same time, so was Judas Iscariot (who in effect was typifying Satan) hanged, see Matthew 27:5).  On the last day, Judgment Day, Satan and all his dominion will be permanently cut-off and cast into the lake of fire, as typified by the death and subsequent hanging of Haman’s ten sons.

3) Is God Self-Centered?

There is not too much that can be said about this other than God is the Great “I AM.”

In Revelation 4:11, we read, “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.“

In  Esther 1:4, we read about king Ahasuerus’ “riches of his glorious (כָּבוֹד (kāḇôḏ))^H3519 kingdom and the honour of his excellent (תִּפְאָרָה (tip̄’ārâ))^H8597 majesty …”  ( Psalm 148:13, “Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent (שָׂגַב (śāḡaḇ))^H7682; his glory [is] above the earth and heaven.” and Psalm 150:2, “Praise him for his mighty acts: praise him according to his excellent (רֹב (rōḇ))^H7230 greatness.“)

In Esther 1:1 we read that the kingdom comprised 127 provinces*.  This is a large prime number, and as a result, it cannot be divided into any smaller numbers.  God’s kingdom is also great and indivisible.  Just as the decrees or commandments of king Ahasuerus could not be rescinded, neither can the laws of God be nullified by another decree.  God’s law is eternal and irrevocable (as is to be expected of a just God). Matthew 24:35, Mark 13:31, Luk 21:33, God says, “Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.”  God also says in the Bible (Romans 6:23), “For the wages of sin [is] death; but the gift of God [is] eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.”  When someone goes to Hell for his sins, it is an irrevocable edict.  And if someone is saved by grace (through Jesus’s perfect fulfillment of the law), God assures that person will remain in Heaven forever.

* Interestingly, Sarah lived 127 years as we read in Genesis 23:1 ¶ “And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: [these were] the years of the life of Sarah“.   We also know that Abraham was told that in Genesis 22:18 “And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice.”  But Sarah, as the mother of Isaac, was also the vehicle by which God would bless all the nations of the earth through here Descendent, Jesus Christ.  So the number 127 would therefore seem to point to “all the nations of the earth” from another vantage point.

4) Is God Rash?

The anger and wrath of a just God in the face of sin is never rash.  When God sends sinners to Hell for eternity, some might consider that rash (particularly in our day).  If all we see in Esther chapter 1 is a simple historical account, it might appear as though the action of king Ahasuerus was rash.  Keep in mind that one sin is sufficient to send anyone to Hell (just look at what happened to Adam and Eve, and hence all of mankind descended from them, for their one sin).  Queen Vashti was bidden by the king to come to the feast (while at the same time she was holding her own feast “for the women [in] the royal house which [belonged] to king Ahasuerus.”).  Again, please see the Parables of the Two Feasts.

Please see Deuteronomy 31:16-18, because it lays the foundation for understanding why National Israel, as a people, fell under and have remained under God’s wrath and condemnation: “¶And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go [to be] among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them. Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because our God [is] not among us? And I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.” 

God provides additional commentary in Psalm 95:10&11 regarding the nation of Israel after their coming out of Egypt, “Forty years long was I grieved with [this] generation, and said, It [is] a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.“

Remember the parable of Matthew 22:1-14?  In that parable, the “remnant”, that Jesus said was bidden to the wedding feast, but who refused to come and then mistreated and even slew the King’s servants (the prophets), was Old Testament National Israel!  Like Vashti, she acted rebelliously.  She refused to come.  She was disobedient.  Anyone who takes the same action in response to God’s command to “Come unto me” and to the wedding/marriage feast of the Lamb (Revelation 19:7-9) will be cast out of the presence of God forever.  Would anyone dare call that rash?

[NOTE: It has also been pointed out to this teacher, that Queen Vashti, who certainly does represent Old Testament National Israel, also has attributes that can also be likened to the New Testament apostate “Christian” church (as opposed to the true eternal church of Jesus Christ), which in effect also refuses God’s command to come to His feast, because it is conducting its own feast in the house that otherwise belongs to God]

[Some may think that because National Israel was restored as a nation among nations again in 1948, with its capital established in Jerusalem in 1967, that this means that God brought this about to restore His relationship with National again. Absolutely NOT! Rather, it is because it is the fulfillment of Jesus proclamation concerning the “parable of the fig tree.” Matthew 24:32&33, “¶Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer [is] nigh: So likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near, [even] at the doors.” The parable was provided in the context of determining the time of the end of the world. Note that it does not say that there would be any fruit. Let him who has ears hear. For more on this topic, please see “Will the Temple Ever Be Rebuilt?]

5) Would God Seek and Be Bound to the Advice of Counselors?

The answer to this question is found in the fact that God is in three persons: The Father, The Son, and The Holy Ghost/Holy Spirit.  That is why we read these plural terms in Genesis 1:26,  “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.”  God Counsels with Himself.  Note also how there were seven counselors.  The number seven pertains to the perfection of God’s plan, so it is entirely appropriate that there would be seven counselors.  Please see Revelation 1:16 and Revelation 1:20 regarding the seven stars in Jesus’s right hand that were described as a “mystery” and which were “the angels (messengers) of the seven churches.”  Finally, as was explained above, God is bound by His own law that He established before the foundation of the world.

Proverbs 15:22, “Without counsel, plans go awry, But in the multitude of counselors they are established.“